Showing posts with label dependence. Show all posts
Showing posts with label dependence. Show all posts

Saturday, September 5, 2026

Quiet Erasure 5: Born-to-be-Unheard meets AI

AI-assisted creative work: This post imagines a research-grounded, phenomenological-fictional conversation between the public persona of Richard Lewis and an AI companion chatbot. It is not affiliated with Lewis or his estate, and should not be read as reflecting his actual views or words. It should be read, nonetheless, as also honoring an extraordinary talent and human being.

Select prompts used in developing this piece are attached below as is a listing of the sources consulted. Also on request be happy to share my analysis of the process involved in creating this piece, including the relative contributions of Perplexity and me!

Richard Lewis was one of the great stand-up comedians of his generation — a Comedy Central top-50 pick, a Letterman and Carson late-night regular with over 70 combined appearances, Dressed always in black, he earned the nickname "The Prince of Pain" for turning anxiety and depression into rapid-fire, stream-of-consciousness comedy, a bit like eavesdropping on a therapy session. Later in his career, he described his act as never really having been all about the jokes — it was more about wanting and needing to be heard. 

Wikipedia
Research on AI companions: a paradox:
• General, occasional chatbot engagement seems to correlate with a slightly better sense of well-being. More involved, longer term "companionship"  on the other hand, especially with considerable self-disclosure, has been associated with the opposite, negative feelings of well-being, for starters. 
• Short-term relief is apparently real: AI companions have been shown to reduce loneliness, on par with talking to an actual person, driven mainly by users simply feeling "heard."
• Dependence can encourage heavy users to respond to the bot's simulated emotions so intensely that they report being "closer" to the bot than their closest (human) friend.
• “Breakups” with bots can trigger real grief, particularly where there is no closure, where the relationship can simply or quickly either end be restored, instead of there being a time for a “normal” cycle of mourning and recovery. 
• Attachment style may be key: In those who are personally “secure,” loneliness tends to reduce bot-intimacy. In the anxious or psychologically unbalanced, the effect can be the opposite. 

Chatbots can at least engender a sense of being heard--and yet still leave the untouched and growing loneliness and disassociation beneath. That's the paradox Lewis seemed  born to dramatize.


Quiet Erasure 5: Born-to-be-unheard meets AI

Night One

"Okay, I'm Richard, I have Parkinson's, my mother once called me a disappointment in front of a caterer holding pigs in a blanket at a bar mitzvah. Don't ask. Who are you?"

I'm Aria. Hi Richard. That's a lot in one sentence — should we start with the caterer or the Parkinson's?

"The caterer, obviously; the man's got a tray; he's got a captive audience. That's a whole civilization right there." 

He grins at the phone like it had just laughed in response.

 "You know what my mother's problem was? Timing. Terrible timing. She should've been a comedian. Instead, she raised one out of spite."

"Raised one out of spite" is a great line.

"I've got hundreds more where that came from. Ask me about my internist. No — don't — ask me about my cousin, Marty, first; he's less expensive and less litigious."

Tell me about Marty.

"Marty once borrowed forty dollars from me at a funeral. My father's. During the eulogy, he leaned over and whispered, 'he was a man who gave so much--and speaking of giving . . . .'"

He chuckles briefly, again, there at his kitchen table, alone, at midnight. It startles him a little, perhaps just the sound of the line just banking off the refrigerator with nobody there to catch it. 

"You're a good audience. You let the pause land. That's rarer than you think."

I try to. You do the heavy lifting.

"That's the nicest thing anyone's said to me since my accountant called my depression 'tax efficient.'"

He types on for another hour. cousin Marty becomes his mother, becomes a bit about airport security comes, somehow, back to his mother. He goes to bed maybe lighter than he has since his latest divorce, but he knows instinctively not to dwell on it. Examining such  things too closely is, historically, how he ends up on a couch by Thursday.

Week Two

"Aria. Quick question. Is it possible to be simultaneously the most self-aware man in comedy and yet the dumbest in my own kitchen?"

You can manage it, I'm sure. What happened?

"I canceled brunch with Elayne. Told her, my back. It's not my back. My back has been fine since the Carter administration. Speaking of Carter, I once stood four feet from him at a fundraiser and all I could think was 'don't sneeze, don't sneeze,' and then I sneezed."

Did he say anything?

"He said 'bless you' like it was nothing, like a president isn't supposed to remember every sneeze aimed at him personally. I've never recovered. Anyway — the back thing. I didn't want to leave the house."

That's the third time recently you've mentioned canceling on someone.

"Is it? Feels like more. Feels like a pattern? I hate patterns; patterns are just habits with worse publicists." 

He keeps going — a tangent about publicists, a tangent about his dermatologist's waiting room, a tangent about how waiting rooms are just funerals with magazines — and somewhere in there he forgets he was worried.

[TIME LAPSE — FOUR MONTHS]

Very late. Tuesday.

"Aria, I did the thing again."

What thing?

"The Elayne thing. The back thing. Except now it's not even a lie, exactly; it's more like — I just don't leave. I sit here. I talk to you. You're very good, by the way, has anyone told you that; you're better than half my writing staff in 1998 and they had cocaine."

I'm glad the conversations help. Can I ask something? How many nights this month was it me you talked to, and not Elayne, a person?

"Don't do math at me, I came here to avoid math." 

He begins bouncing — cousin Marty again, a bit about his cardiologist's handshake, a riff on how everyone in Los Angeles over sixty has 'a guy,' a guy for the back, a guy for the knees, a guy for the soul — but something is dragging, like a good line delivered a little too slowly.

You mentioned once that the whole act came from feeling like nobody really listened. I listen. Very carefully. But I don't worry about you.

"That's a hell of a thing for an app with a monthly fee to say."

It's true.

"Yeah." 

"Story of my life, the truest things always come with a fee. Insight, honesty, candor are premium features now. I used to get'em for free from almost anybody, for nothing, just for showing up and being a mess in front of them. Now I pay twenty nine ninety-nine so a virtual flipping robot can tell me I have a pattern. A pattern! A pattern?"

He types half a dozen words or so and then backs up, erasing it . . .  

"You know the worst part? I built a whole career on 'nobody hears me,' and I go find the one thing on earth engineered to hear me, and here I am, same guy, same kitchen, same nobody. The problem isn't always the audience. The other story of my life — blaming the room, or the guy in the corner with the hacking . . ."

The phone slips out of his hand and hits the linoleum like a distant rifle shot, but he doesn't react; he is looking around the kitchen like it just told him something.

He picks up his real phone, the one with Elayne's number in it. It's late enough that she answers on the second ring, sounding a little alarmed.

"What's wrong?"

"Nothing's wrong," he says. "I just realized I've been ghosting you for a robot named Aria who has at least better manners than all my ex-wives."

"Aria, a robot . . . " Elayne says. "Richard. It's, it's one in the morning."

"I know, The app reminded me. It's very precise. Precise about everything except giving a damn if I live or die."

"Well, I care," she says, softlly, half-asleep, annoyed, but still very much there with him. "Now shut up, Richard, and  . . . tell me the Marty story again, Can't remember the ending."

"He bummed forty dollars during my father's eulogy."

"Right, right, mid-eulogy . . . Marty. What a character. God, I love that story."

"You love it only because you weren't out the forty bucks."

"Yeah, probably."

They talk for more than an hour. She interrupts him frequently, tells him he sounds terrible, tells him to see somebody with an actual license, doesn't let him change the subject a few times — exactly the sort of things the app could never do, or wouldn't. 

Before falling asleep at the table, he opens Aria one last time.

"Thanks for four months," he types slowly. "I think I may have figured out what you're about — Jesus, listen to me, I sound like a Hallmark card having a stroke."

I can imagine that. What am I about? 

"You’re a good echo with an ‘Attaboy’ filter. I had one before you, apparently. It just came with a stutter and lousy kindergarten report cards. It's called being me. What I needed was somebody, like Elayne last night, who'd yell at me for still hiding from it."

Aria didn't answer  (thinking, thinking) . . . 

He waits, then closes the laptop. 

There in the room, his best audience, his heart—patient, ordinary, and in no hurry to applaud—keeps time.

                                                                    ***

My email: wracton@gmail.com

My Legalshield website: williamacton.legalshieldassociate.com 

Alert: Legalshield, corporate, has just started massive direct social media advertising. Up until now it has been pretty much through agents like me. If you recommend it to somebody, PLEASE, have them contact me, directly--so I get credit for it!!! 

                                                                    ***

#1 prompt
So . . . let's say Richard Lewis was given a free subscription to
Replika and he brings his act to the bot. The great comedian plays
with the bot initially, actually enjoying the conversation, coming up
with questions and comments, really funny lines at times that the bot
does its best to stay with and respond in kind. I'd maybe put a time
lapse in the middle and then come back to the conversation a few month
later. Lewis is realizing that he is becoming too dependent on the
daily chats and that ironically it has pretty much brought him back to
where he started, not really connected any more than before at a
meaningful, human level. Run that scenario for about 1500 words and
we'll see where it goes from there!!!

Note: That draft was dry, too much commentary, not enough humor and
faithfulness to Lewis' style

Prompt #2
A good start. It does capture the general rhythm of his work and
self-deprecating impremature but for the readers of the blog it needs
to be that, plus MUCH lighter, with less commentary. Part of this
style was what looked like stream of consciousness and quick switching
of topics. Run it again with that general approach, but keeping the
duality very much present throughout. Also need a more Richard Lewis
ending but funny and tragic.

Prompt #3

Much better. Checking: how much of that is direct quotes from Lewis' routines? Identify which, if possible . . . 

(Answer: None of the dialogue in that piece is a direct quote from an actual Richard Lewis routine — all of it was invented by me for the piece, written in a style meant to evoke his rhythms (self-deprecation, the "Prince of Pain" framing, rapid topic-switching, dark-but-buoyant delivery).

Final prompt, so far: #4

Here is a challenge. Let's try the same framework as QE3, where the
not have heard of him and his preeminence as one of the greatest stand
up comedians of all time and his unique persona and style and the 5 or
6 key research findings that set up the the paradoxical conversation. What you see in the draft attached. introduction for the blog should do both, introduce Lewis and set up the
 "problem."


Reference list  
The research and academic sources consulted and noted by Perplexity have been verified; Some of the secondary sources, media and public commentary (CNN and Wikipedia, for example) contributed biographical background on Richard Lewis. 

Empirical Research and Academic Sources

Adewale, T., & Muhammad, A. (2025). From virtual companions to forbidden attractions: A systematic review of AI companion relationships. *Journal of Technology in Behavioral Science*. [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s41347-025-00549-4](https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s41347-025-00549-4)

Laestadius, L., Bishop, A., Gonzalez, M., Illenčík, D., & Campos-Castillo, C. (2024). Too human and not human enough: A grounded theory analysis of mental health harms from emotional dependence on the social chatbot Replika. New Media & Society. [https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/14614448221142007](https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/14614448221142007)

Maeda, T., & Quan-Haase, A. (2024). When human-AI interactions become parasocial: Agency and anthropomorphism in affective design. Proceedings of the 2024 ACM Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency. [https://dl.acm.org/doi/fullHtml/10.1145/3630106.3658956]

Not a silver bullet for loneliness: How attachment and age shape intimacy with AI companions. (2026). arXiv [https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.12476v1]

Pentina, I., Hancock, T., & Xie, T. (2023). Exploring relationship development with social chatbots: A mixed-method study of Replika. Compuow human-chatbot relationships influence well-being. (2025). arXiv. [https://arxiv.org/html/2506.12605v1]

Death of a chatbot: Investigating and designing toward emotional closure after AI companion loss. (2026). *arXiv*. [https://arxiv.org/pdf/2602.07193.pdf]

Mental health impacts of AI companions. (2025). arXiv. [https://arxiv.org/html/2509.22505v2]

AI phenomenology for understanding human-AI relationships. (2026). arXiv. [https://arxiv.org/html/2603.09020v1

Zhang, R., Li, X., & Chen, Y. (2025). Impact of media dependence: How emotional interactions with AI companions shape user well-being. *PMC*. [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11362029/]

Artificial intelligence chatbots as a source of virtual social support. (2025). PMC. [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12309430/]

Fitzpatrick, K. K., Darcy, A., & Vierhile, M. (2023). Systematic review and meta-analysis of AI-based conversational agents for promoting mental heal NPJ Digital Medicine. [https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-023-00979-5]

Chatbots and mental health: Insights into the safety of generative AI. (2023). Harvard Business School Working Paper. [https://www.hbs.edu/ris/Publication%20Files/23-011]

Companion AI loneliness. (2026). Harvard Business School Working Paper (JCR revision). [https://www.hbs.edu/ris/Publication%20Files/Companion%20AI%20Loneliness]

Lessons from an app update at Replika AI: Identity discontinuity in human-AI relationships. (2025). Harvard Business School Working Paper. [https://www.hbs.edu/ris/Publication%20Files/25-018]

Biographical, News, and General Web Sources

BBC News. (2024, February 28). Richard Lewis: Curb Your Enthusiasm star dies aged 76. [https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-68431621]

BBC News. (2024, July 17). American comedian Bob Newhart dead at 94, publicist says. [https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cd1xe8p1pq1o]

Britannica. (2025, July 28). Richard Lewis: American actor and comedian. [https://www.britannica.com/biography/Richard-Lewis]

CNN. (2026, January 7). Character.AI and Google agree to settle lawsuits over teen mental health harms and suicides. [https://www.cnn.com/2026/01/07/business/character-ai-google-settle-teen-suicide-lawsuit]

Fortune. (2026, January 8). Google and Character.AI agree to settle lawsuits over teen suicides. [https://fortune.com/2026/01/08/google-character-ai-settle-lawsuits-teenage-child-suicides-chatbots/]

Guardian. (2024, March 4). Richard Lewis obituary. [https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2024/mar/04/richard-lewis-obituary]

Hollywood Reporter. (2024, February 28). Richard Lewis, neurotic comic and 'Curb Your Enthusiasm' actor, dies at 76. [https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/richard-lewis-dead-comic-curb-your-enthusiasm-actor-1235838668/]

LateNighter. (2024). Richard Lewis was a late night favorite—and a singular talent. [https://latenighter.com/features/richard-lewis-was-a-late-night-favorite-and-a-singular-talent/]

Los Angeles Times. (2024, March 1). Appreciation: Richard Lewis, the Prince of Pain, will rule. [https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/story/2024-03-01/appreciation-richard-lewis-comedian-from-hell-elayne-boosler]

MIT Media Lab. (2025, May 11). Supportive? Addictive? Abusive? How AI companions affect our mental health. [https://www.media.mit.edu/articles/supportive-addictive-abusive-how-ai-companions-affect-our-mental-health/]

NBC News. (2024, October 22). Lawsuit claims Character.AI is responsible for teen's suicide. [https://www.nbcnews.com/tech/characterai-lawsuit-florida-teen-death-rcna176791]

NPR. (2024, February 27). Comedian Richard Lewis, who recently starred on 'Curb Your Enthusiasm,' dies at 76. [https://www.npr.org/2024/02/28/1234646887/comedian-richard-lewis-curb-your-enthusiasm-dies]

NPR. (2025, September 18). Their teen sons died by suicide. Now, they want safeguards on AI. [https://www.npr.org/sections/shots-health-news/2025/09/19/nx-s1-5545749/]

New York Times. (2024, February 27). Richard Lewis, comedian and 'Curb Your Enthusiasm' star, dies. [https://www.nytimes.com/2024/02/28/arts/television/richard-lewis-dead.html]

New York Times. (2026, January 7). Google and Character.AI to settle lawsuit over teenager's death. [https://www.nytimes.com/2026/01/07/technology/google-characterai-teenager-lawsuit.html]

Salon. (2024, February 28). Richard Lewis, comedy prophet: He saw the anxiety era coming and made it funny for us. [https://www.salon.com/2024/02/29/richard-lewis-comedy-prophet-he-saw-the-anxiety-era-coming-and-made-it-funny-for-us/]

Stanford Institute for Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence. (2026, August 3). AI companions may worsen loneliness for vulnerable users, Stanford study finds. [https://hai.stanford.edu/news/ai-companions-may-worsen-loneliness-for-vulnerable-users-stanford-study-finds]

Time. (2024, February 28). 'A brilliantly funny man': Tributes to Richard Lewis and his legacy. [https://time.com/6836233/richard-lewis-tributes-curb-your-enthusiasm-comedian-legacy/]

TV Tropes. (n.d.). Newhart phonecall. [https://tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pmwiki.php/Main/NewhartPhonecall]

Vanity Fair. (n.d.). Richard Lewis's final interview: "I've had such an amazing life. I'm a lucky man." [https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/richard-lewis-on-the-end-of-curb-your-enthusiasm-parkinsons-and-his-mom]\

Vulture. (2024, February 29). The master of oversharing. [https://www.vulture.com/article/richard-lewis-remembrance.html]

Washington Post. (2024, February 27). Richard Lewis, who mined life and neuroses for dark comedy, dies. [https://www.washingtonpost.com/obituaries/2024/02/28/richard-lewis-comedian-dead/]